The Effect of Smoking on Progression from Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

Anticancer Res. 2022 Jan;42(1):311-320. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.15487.

Abstract

Background/aim: If ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is diagnosed by needle biopsy, invasion is often found by removing the entire tumor and performing pathological examination. Smoking is a risk factor for carcinogenesis in breast cancer. We examined the correlation between the risk of invasion found by postoperative pathology and smoking history in patients diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.

Patients and methods: We examined 128 patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy. Multivariate analysis was performed on the risk factors for invasion diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all cases diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.

Results: Multivariate analysis was performed on the risk factors for invasion diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all cases diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy. Number of pack-years was not an independent factor (p=0.349, OR=0.329), but current-smoker status (p=0.006, OR=not calculable) was an independent factor with VAB (p=0.018, OR=0.327).

Conclusion: Tobacco components may have an influence on the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma.

Keywords: Breast cancer; biopsy; ductal carcinoma in situ; invasive ductal carcinoma; smoking.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / chemically induced
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / diagnosis*
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / epidemiology
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / pathology
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnosis*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / diagnostic imaging
  • Lymphatic Metastasis / pathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / diagnostic imaging
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / methods
  • Smoking / adverse effects*