Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterised by a wide spectrum of glandular and extra-glandular features. The discovery of novel biomarkers allowed to characterise the disease not only phenotypically on the basis of clinical presentation, but also on the basis of the endotype. Moreover, a better stratification of patients has important value in the evaluation of mechanisms underlying the risk of lymphoproliferative disorders in these patients. Finally, novel targeted therapies may open new possibilities for the application of personalised medicine in pSS.