Assessing Arm Volume in People During and After Treatment for Breast Cancer: Reliability and Convergent Validity of the LymphaTech System

Phys Ther. 2020 Mar 10;100(3):457-467. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz175.

Abstract

Background: There are challenges related to the accurate and efficient measurement of lymphedema in people with breast cancer. The LymphaTech 3D Imaging System (LymphaTech, Atlanta, GA, USA) is a mobile, noninvasive platform that provides limb geometry measurements.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the reliability and validity of the LymphaTech for measuring arm volume in the context of women seeking care in a specialty breast cancer rehabilitation clinic.

Design: This was a cross-sectional reliability and convergent validity study.

Methods: People who had stage I to IV breast cancer with lymphedema or were at risk for it were included. Arm volume was measured in 66 participants using the LymphaTech and perometer methods. Test-retest reliability for a single measure, limb volume difference, and agreement between methods was analyzed for 30 participants. A method-comparison analysis was also used to assess convergent validity between methods.

Results: Both LymphaTech and perometer methods displayed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of ≥0.99. The standard errors of measurement for the LymphaTech and length-matched perometer measurements were nearly identical. Similar intraclass correlation coefficients (0.97) and standard errors of measurement (38.0-40.7 mL) were obtained for the between-limb volume difference for both methods. The convergent validity analyses demonstrated no systematic difference between methods.

Limitations: The sample size was not based on a formal sample size calculation. LymphaTech measurements included interrater variance, and perometer measurements contained intrarater variance.

Conclusions: The LymphaTech had excellent test-retest reliability, and convergent validity was supported. This technology is efficient and portable and has a potential role in prospective surveillance and management of lymphedema in clinical, research, and home settings.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Arm / diagnostic imaging*
  • Arm / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / instrumentation*
  • Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphedema / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lymphedema / etiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Mobile Applications*
  • Organ Size
  • Patient Positioning
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Risk Factors
  • Sample Size
  • User-Computer Interface