Multiple Myeloma

Introduction

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of several cancers categorized as "plasma cell dyscrasias." They account for 10% of all blood system malignancies.

The immune system has several types of cells that work together to fight infection and disease. Lymphocytes are the main immune system cell types. When B-cell lymphocytes respond to an infection, they mature and change into plasma cells, which produce and release proteins called immunoglobulins (antibodies) that attack and help kill disease-causing germs.

But, when these plasma cells grow out of control, they can produce tumors that in several sites, especially in bone marrow (plasmacytomas). When these tumors grow in multiple sites, they are called multiple myeloma (MM). This cancer can produce various skeletal, blood system and kidney symptoms and is most often diagnosed during an evaluation for unrelated problems, although it can present with bone pain or a fracture.

MM is the most common primary bone cancer in adults (generally in those older than 50) with an annual U.S. incidence of 3 to 4 cases per 100,000 people. It occurs with greatest frequency in African-Americans and is very rare among Asians.

Oral or intravenous chemotherapy is the standard treatment to destroy or control myeloma cells. Radiation may also be used. The choice of regimen depends on the patient's age and kidney function, and the stage of the disease. Treatment focuses on achieving and maintaining remission and on preventing complications.

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• What are the risk factors of Multiple Myeloma?
• What standard and alternative treatment options are available?
• Where are the leading doctors, hospitals and medical centers that specialize in Multiple Myeloma research and treatment?
• What are the results of the latest clinical trials?
• Where are the support groups and additional resources in my area?
• What are the promising new treatments on the horizon?

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